Mishná
Mishná

Comentario sobre Baba Batra 5:6

אַרְבַּע מִדּוֹת בַּמּוֹכְרִין. מָכַר לוֹ חִטִּים יָפוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ רָעוֹת, הַלּוֹקֵחַ יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ. רָעוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ יָפוֹת, מוֹכֵר יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ. רָעוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ רָעוֹת, יָפוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ יָפוֹת, אֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ. שְׁחַמְתִּית וְנִמְצֵאת לְבָנָה, לְבָנָה וְנִמְצֵאת שְׁחַמְתִּית, עֵצִים שֶׁל זַיִת וְנִמְצְאוּ שֶׁל שִׁקְמָה, שֶׁל שִׁקְמָה וְנִמְצְאוּ שֶׁל זַיִת, יַיִן וְנִמְצָא חֹמֶץ, חֹמֶץ וְנִמְצָא יַיִן, שְׁנֵיהֶם יְכוֹלִין לַחֲזֹר בָּהֶן:

Hay cuatro "medidas" [leyes distintas] con respecto a las ventas: si le vendió buen trigo y se descubrió que era malo, el comprador puede retirarse. [es decir, si se estipulara que se le diera trigo bueno y se descubriera que es malo, es como ona'ah ("error", sobrecarga). Por lo tanto, solo el objeto de la ona'ah, el comprador, puede retirarse, pero no el vendedor, incluso si el precio del trigo aumentó considerablemente.] (Si se estipuló que se le daría) trigo malo y se descubrió que ser bueno, el vendedor puede retroceder. Malo y encontrado malo; bueno y encontrado para ser bueno, ninguno puede retroceder [incluso si el precio subió o bajó. Y el comprador no puede decir: "Tenía la intención de buen trigo— Dije 'malo' solo a través de (Proverbios 19: 8): '"Malo, malo", dice el comprador ". Y, por el contrario, el vendedor no puede decir:" Tenía la intención de trigo malo — Dije 'bueno' solo porque es la forma en que un vendedor llama al mal bueno ".] Shechamtith [rojo (-marrón). El Targum de (Génesis 30:35):" Y todo amigo "(marrón) es:" Y todo shechum "], y se encontró que era blanco; blanco, y se descubrió que era shechamtith —Madera de olivo, y se descubrió que era madera de sicómoro; sicómoro, y se descubrió que era oliva—Vino, y se descubrió que era vinagre; vinagre, y se descubrió que era vino—ambos pueden retroceder. [Para algunos prefieren el uno, y otros, el otro. Todos estos casos son un mekach tauth (una "venta equivocada") para ambos, y ambos pueden retroceder, mientras que en el caso de "bueno, y se descubrió que eran malos", todos prefieren lo bueno. [("Vino, y se descubrió que era vinagre, etc." :) Algunos prefieren el vino; otros, vinagre.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

ד' מידות – laws divided one from the other.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra

There are four rules with regards to those who sell:
If one has sold good wheat and it turns out to be bad, the buyer can retract.
If he sold bad wheat and it is found to be good, the seller can retract.
[But if one sold] bad wheat and it is found to be bad, or good wheat and it is found to be good, neither may retract.
[If one has sold] dark wheat and it turned out to be white; Or white and it turned out to be dark; Or [if he sold] olive wood and it turned out to be sycamore wood; Or sycamore wood and it turned out to be olive wood; Or [if he sold] wine and it turned out to be vinegar; Or vinegar and it turned out to be wine; Either of them may retract.

Mishnah six begins to discuss certain ethical principles in the laws of selling and buying and their consequences on the validity of the sale. This is a topic which will be discussed through the middle of chapter six.
As stated at the beginning of the mishnah, there are four rules with regards to retracting a sale. These rules are contained in sections 1-4. (1) If a person sold something that was supposed to be good and it turned out to be bad, the buyer can retract. (2) If a person sold something that was supposed to be bad and it turned out to be good, the seller can retract. (3) If a person sold something and it turned out to be what he sold, the sale is final and no one may retract. (4) Finally, if a person sold something and it turned out to be different from what he sold, not necessarily better or necessarily worse, either of them may retract.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

מכר לו חטים יפות – he made a stipulation with him that he should give him nice wheat and they were found to be bad. It is like overreaching/אונאה ; therefore, he (i.e., the buyer) can retract – whomever feels imposed upon/one’s self overreached alone, which is the purchaser, but the seller is not able to retract, and even if the wheat increased greatly in value.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

אין אחד מהן יכול לחזור בו – even if they increased in value or became cheaper, for the purchaser is not able to say: “I intended for the beautiful ones, and this one who might say they are bad, because the purchaser tells him: “what is bad is bad.” And similarly, the opposite, that the seller is not able to state that I intended for the bad ones. And this one that I might say are good, it is the manner of the seller to state the bad ones become good ones.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

שחמתית – reddish (Genesis 30:35): “and all the dark-colored [sheep], which we translate in Aramaic as שחום/dark, black (or brown).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

ונמצאת לבנה – there are those for whom it is pleasant with this, and there are those for whom it is pleasant with that. But in this manner, it is an errant transaction for both of them, and both of them can retract, for if it was supposed to “nice ones,” and it turned out to be “bad ones,’ everyone enjoys “good ones.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

יין ונמצא חומץ – there are those who are pleased with wine, and there are those who are pleased with vinegar.
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